The Internet of Things in the Cloud by Zhou Honbo

Author:Zhou, Honbo [Zhou, Honbo]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 978-1-4665-8904-9
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2012-09-05T16:00:00+00:00

Figure 6.8 China Mobile’s WMMP standard.

There are a number of standardization bodies in the field of WSNs. The IEEE focuses on the physical and MAC layers; the IETF works on layers 3 and above. IEEE 1451 is a set of smart transducer interface standards developed by the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society’s Sensor Technology Technical Committee that describe a set of open, common, network-independent communication interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessors, instrumentation systems, and control/field networks. One of the key elements of these standards is the definition of transducer electronic data sheets (TEDS) for each transducer. The TEDS is a memory device attached to the transducer, which stores transducer identification, calibration, correction data, and manufacturer-related information.

The IEEE 1451 family of standards includes the following:

1451.0-2007 Common Functions, Communication Protocols, and TEDS Formats

1451.1-1999 Network Capable Application Processor Information Model

1451.2-1997 Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols & TEDS Formats

1451.3-2003 Digital Communication & TEDS Formats for Distributed Multi-drop Systems

1451.4-2004 Mixed-mode Communication Protocols & TEDS Formats

1451.5-2007 Wireless Communication Protocols & TEDS Formats

1451.7-2010 Transducers to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems Communication Protocols and TEDS Formats

The goal of the IEEE 1451 family of standards is to allow the access of transducer data through a common set of interfaces whether the transducers are connected to systems or networks via a wired or wireless means. IEEE p1451.3 is XML based and allows the manufacturer to change the contents.

Cross-network (e.g., between Bluetooth and ZigBee) standards are not as proliferate in the WSN community compared to other computing systems, which make most WSN systems incapable of direct communication with each other. The contents on WSN described in the previous chapters are more devices or network focused. OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) and W3C has been doing research and standardization work following a data-focused approach [233].

The Semantic Sensor Web (SSW) [105] is an approach to annotating sensor data with spatial, temporal, and thematic semantic metadata based on OGC SWE (Sensor Web Enablement). The following data-encoding specifications have been produced by OGC SWE Working Group (in addition to the web service specifications that will be described in Chapter 7):

SWE Common—common data models and schema

SensorML—models and schema for sensor systems and processes surrounding measurements

Observations & Measurements (O&M)—models and schema for packaging observation values

Transducer Markup Language (TML)—models and schema for multiplexed data from sensor systems

The European Union SENSEI [109] project creates an open, business driven architecture that fundamentally addresses the scalability problems for a large number of globally distributed wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) devices. It provides necessary network and information management services to enable reliable and accurate context information retrieval and interaction with the physical environment. By adding mechanisms for accounting, security, privacy, and trust, it enables an open and secure market space for context awareness and real-world interaction. An ambient ERP system supported the SENSEI.

Tangible results of the SENSEI project are as follows:

A highly scalable architectural framework with corresponding protocol solutions that enable easy plug-and-play integration of a large number of globally distributed WSAN into a global system, providing support for

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